Population Characteristics
According to the latest census, Hiawatha First Nation has a population of around 341 people. The indian reserve's population is in decreased . Between 2016 and 2021, the population of Hiawatha First Nation has decreased by ▼ -5.80%.
| Population in 2016 | Population in 2021 | Difference |
|---|---|---|
| 362 | 341 | --5.80% |
2026 Population Projection
Hiawatha First Nation's population declined between the 2016 and 2021 censuses, so a 2026 growth projection is not shown. The most recent confirmed figure remains the 341 people recorded in the 2021 census.
Hiawatha First Nation Population Trend & Context
Hiawatha First Nation is the 383rd-largest indian reserve in Ontario, with a 2021 census population of 341 — a decline of 21 (▼ 5.80%) people from the 362 recorded in 2016.
The indian reserve's population has declined noticeably over this period, reflecting broader pressures facing Ontario indian reserves. The indian reserve's median age of 52.8 years — above the national median of 41.9 — suggests a mature, established community rather than a rapidly growing one.
How does Hiawatha First Nation compare to other Ontario indian reserves?
- James: 348 (2021)
- Casey: 341 (2021)
- Hiawatha First Nation: 341 (2021) ← 383rd largest
- Kerns: 330 (2021)
- Moravian 47: 328 (2021)
Population By Genders
The male population of Hiawatha First Nation is around 160 while the female population is around 185.
Of the 341 total population in Hiawatha First Nation, the largest gender is female with around 185 women within the population.
| Male | Female | Difference |
|---|---|---|
| 160 | 185 | -13.51% |
Is Hiawatha First Nation a Good Place to Live?
Based on 2021 Statistics Canada Census data, here's how Hiawatha First Nation compares across key quality-of-life indicators — measured against Ontario, its own province. Draw your own conclusions from the actual numbers.
Employment & Economy
Income & Affordability
Commute
Housing Character
Household Composition
Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.
Hiawatha First Nation Population Compared to Ontario
Ontario's population in 2021 was 14,223,942, spread across the area. Here's how Hiawatha First Nation compares to the indian reserve's key indicators:
| Indicator | Hiawatha First Nation | Ontario |
|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $62,400 | $91,000 |
| Unemployment rate | 12.5% | 12.2% |
| Median age | 52.8 | 41.6 |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 8.5% | 33.4% |
| Immigrants (%) | 0.0% | 30.0% |
Population by Age Characteristics
Hiawatha First Nation has an aging population. The majority of the population is people aged 55 to 59 years old, accounting for 10.30% of the total population. The indian reserve median age is 52.80.
| Data | Male | Female | Difference | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age of the population | 51 50.80% | 55 55.20% | 9.06% | 53 52.80% |
| Average age of the population | 46 46.40% | 50 50.20% | 7.97% | 48 48.40% |
| 55 to 59 years | 15 9.40% | 25 13.50% | 40.00% | 35 10.30% |
| 60 to 64 years | 15 9.40% | 20 10.80% | 25.00% | 35 10.30% |
| 65 to 69 years | 15 9.40% | 25 13.50% | 40.00% | 35 10.30% |
| 70 to 74 years | 20 12.50% | 15 8.10% | 25.00% | 35 10.30% |
| 35 to 39 years | 10 6.30% | 10 5.40% | 0.00% | 25 7.40% |
| 50 to 54 years | 15 9.40% | 10 5.40% | 33.33% | 25 7.40% |
| 10 to 14 years | 10 6.30% | 5 2.70% | 50.00% | 20 5.90% |
| 30 to 34 years | 10 6.30% | 5 2.70% | 50.00% | 20 5.90% |
| 45 to 49 years | 5 3.10% | 10 5.40% | 50.00% | 20 5.90% |
| 5 to 9 years | 5 3.10% | 5 2.70% | 0.00% | 15 4.40% |
| 15 to 19 years | 10 6.30% | 5 2.70% | 50.00% | 15 4.40% |
| 20 to 24 years | 5 3.10% | 10 5.40% | 50.00% | 15 4.40% |
| 25 to 29 years | 10 6.30% | 5 2.70% | 50.00% | 15 4.40% |
| 40 to 44 years | 10 6.30% | 10 5.40% | 0.00% | 15 4.40% |
| 75 to 79 years | 10 6.30% | 5 2.70% | 50.00% | 15 4.40% |
| 0 to 4 years | 0 0.00% | 0 0.00% | 0.00% | 5 1.50% |
| 80 to 84 years | 5 3.10% | 0 0.00% | 100.00% | 5 1.50% |
Broader Age Groups
If the indian reserve's population is divided into broader age groups, most of the population falls into the 15 to 64 years age group. The group accounts for 61.80% of the population. The other age groups, 65 years and over and 15 to 64 years, account for 27.90% and 61.80%, respectively.
If we look at the population data from the broader age groups, we can see that most people in Hiawatha First Nation are within the 15 to 64 years age group.
| Data | Male | Female | Total |
|---|
Photos of Places & Sceneries in Hiawatha First Nation
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Population of Hiawatha First Nation by Ethnicity and Origin
The population of Hiawatha First Nation is quite diverse, which contributes to the indian reserve's vibrant cultural landscape. Hiawatha First Nation is inclusive and accepts various ethnic groups with open arms. Furthermore, the indian reserve appreciates the unique contributions that each ethnicity brings.
The top 5 ethnicities and origins in Hiawatha First Nation are English, which accounts for 33.82% of the total population, followed by First Nations (North American Indian) (27.94%), Ojibway (22.06%), Irish (20.59%), and Scottish (11.76%).
Other ethnicities and origins in Hiawatha First Nation include Canadian, French, Anishinaabe, German, and Italian.
| Ethnicity and Origin | Male | Female | Percentage in Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| English | 37.50% | 30.56% | 33.82% |
| First Nations (North American Indian) | 21.88% | 36.11% | 27.94% |
| Ojibway | 25.00% | 16.67% | 22.06% |
| Irish | 21.88% | 19.44% | 20.59% |
| Scottish | 12.50% | 11.11% | 11.76% |
| Canadian | 12.50% | 11.11% | 10.29% |
| French | 12.50% | 11.11% | 8.82% |
| Anishinaabe | 0.00% | 0.00% | 4.41% |
| German | 6.25% | 5.56% | 4.41% |
| Italian | 0.00% | 0.00% | 2.94% |
Immigration Profile
Immigration patterns vary a great deal from one area to another, which makes this data one of the more distinctive parts of Hiawatha First Nation's population profile.
About 0.0% of Hiawatha First Nation's population are immigrants (0 people).
The top countries of origin for Hiawatha First Nation's immigrant population are Brazil (0), Colombia (0), El Salvador (0), Guyana (0), Haiti (0).
| Country of Birth | Population |
|---|---|
| Brazil | 0 |
| Colombia | 0 |
| El Salvador | 0 |
| Guyana | 0 |
| Haiti | 0 |
Household and Dwelling Characteristics
About 145 of Hiawatha First Nation's population live in a single-detached house. In addition, most of them are living in 2 persons household.
Household Size
About 23.45% of the population lives in 2 persons households. 1 person households ranked second, accounting for 12.50% of the population. 3 persons, 4 persons, and 5 or more persons households account for 6.25%, 4.70%, and 1.55%, respectively.
| Number of Person(s) in Household | Total | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 2 persons | 75 | 23.45% |
| 1 person | 40 | 12.50% |
| 3 persons | 20 | 6.25% |
| 4 persons | 15 | 4.70% |
| 5 or more persons | 5 | 1.55% |
Income in Hiawatha First Nation
Analyzing income distribution in Hiawatha First Nation can help us better understand its socioeconomic dynamics.
Per Capita Income
According to 2020 data, the median personal income within Hiawatha First Nation is $34,400.
A region's per capita data sheds light on the average income earned per person living in it. Since per capita income is calculated by dividing the region's total income by its population, it quantifies the population's economic situation on an individual basis.
Such data offers insights into the indian reserve's economic performance, spread of income across individuals, quality of life, as well as disparities within its borders.
Most of Hiawatha First Nation population or around 60 people falls in the $30,000 to $49,999 group. The next largest groups are the $10,000 to $29,999, and Under $10,000 with around 40 and 35 people, respectively.
Household Income
The Hiawatha First Nation's median household income is $62,400, according to 2020 data.
Below national average Hiawatha First Nation's median household income is 21,600 dollars below the Canadian national median of $84,000 (2020 data, 2021 Census).
The data provides important insights into the indian reserve's economic landscape as well as the living standards of its population.
Analyzing such data enables researchers, policymakers, and businesses to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the indian reserve's income distribution, disparities, and trends.
Education Levels in Hiawatha First Nation
This data sheds light on the distribution of Hiawatha First Nation residents across educational milestones.
Such information is crucial in shaping the province’s policies on education, workforce development strategies, and initiatives that aim to improve access to quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities.
53.35% or most of the Hiawatha First Nation population has a Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. 29.30% of the population has a High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate, 18.80% has a No certificate, diploma or degree, and 8.45% has Bachelor's degree or higher.
| Degree | Men | Women | Total | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree | 80 | 160 | 245 | 53.35% |
| High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate | 65 | 75 | 140 | 29.30% |
| No certificate, diploma or degree | 65 | 25 | 95 | 18.80% |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 20 | 25 | 40 | 8.45% |
Below national average 8.5% of Hiawatha First Nation's population has a bachelor's degree or higher, compared to the national average of 32.9% (Canada, 2021 Census).
Employment in Hiawatha First Nation
This dataset provides a snapshot of employment trends in Hiawatha First Nation. It encompasses a wide range of sectors, industries, as well as job categories.
The data shows that the unemployment rate in Hiawatha First Nation is at 6.67% which is quite high.
| Status | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Employment rate | 46.67% |
| Unemployment rate | 6.67% |
Working as an Employee
The table shows the data on the total number of individuals in the indian reserve who work as an employee. The majority of Hiawatha First Nation's population (around 75.00%) are working permanent position as an employee.
Self-employed
In the indian reserve, there are 10 men and 0 women working as self-employed individuals, bringing the total number to 15.
| Status | Men | Women | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-employed | 10 | 0 | 15 |
Employment Industry Sectors
The Hiawatha First Nation industry employment sector census data offers insights into the region's economic landscape. The distribution of employment in Hiawatha First Nation is categorized and quantified, which reveals the region's economic composition.
Hiawatha First Nation has a wide range of industries. Most of its population (22%) works in the health care and social assistance sector. The Retail trade sector comes second at 19%, followed by Public administration at 13%.
| Industry | Men | Women | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health care and social assistance | 0 | 30 | 22% |
| Retail trade | 10 | 15 | 19% |
| Public administration | 10 | 15 | 13% |
| Construction | 10 | 10 | 9% |
| Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services | 0 | 10 | 9% |
| Manufacturing | 0 | 0 | 6% |
| Professional, scientific and technical services | 0 | 10 | 6% |
| Educational services | 0 | 10 | 6% |
| Accommodation and food services | 0 | 0 | 6% |
| Other services (except public administration) | 0 | 0 | 6% |
| Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting | 0 | 0 | 0% |
| Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction | 0 | 0 | 0% |
| Utilities | 0 | 0 | 0% |
| Wholesale trade | 0 | 0 | 0% |
| Transportation and warehousing | 10 | 0 | 0% |
| Information and cultural industries | 0 | 0 | 0% |
| Finance and insurance | 0 | 0 | 0% |
| Real estate and rental and leasing | 0 | 0 | 0% |
| Management of companies and enterprises | 0 | 0 | 0% |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation | 0 | 0 | 0% |
Labour Market Snapshot
A quick snapshot of where Hiawatha First Nation residents work — the leading industry sectors employing them, and the broad occupation categories they work in.
Top employer sectors in Hiawatha First Nation: Health care and social assistance (22%), -45 Retail trade (19%), Public administration (13%)
Top occupation categories in Hiawatha First Nation: Sales and service occupations (25%), Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations (22%), Business, finance and administration occupations (19%)
Places of Work
The data offers insights into the commuting patterns as well as workplace distribution in the indian reserve. It provides a snapshot of workplaces, showing their geographic distribution and the flow of workers across different areas.
| Work Location | Men | Women | Total | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual place of work | 40 | 45 | 85 | 63.00% |
| Worked at home | 10 | 25 | 30 | 22.20% |
| No fixed workplace address | 0 | 10 | 15 | 11.10% |
| Worked outside Canada | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00% |
Commuting
The data sheds light on how Hiawatha First Nation residents travel to school or work. It highlights the frequency of different modes of transportation like walking, cycling, carpooling, and public transit.
The data is pivotal in the making of transportation policies as well as the development of transit systems. Ultimately commuting data contributes to improving the quality of life of Hiawatha First Nation residents and sustainable urban planning.
Commuting Duration
This data reveals the average time that the residents of Hiawatha First Nation spend traveling to their workplaces. It also sheds light on the efficiency of the indian reserve's public transit systems, and road networks, as well as the accessibility of the indian reserve.
| Duration | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Less than 15 minutes | 52.40% |
| 15 to 29 minutes | 19.00% |
| 30 to 44 minutes | 19.00% |
| 45 to 59 minutes | 9.50% |
| 60 minutes and over | 9.50% |
Marital Status
The statistics on marital status in Hiawatha First Nationshed light on its societal dynamics. It captures the diverse types of marital statuses of the population.
Long-term commitments, such as common-law partnerships, civil unions, and marriages, reflect the indian reserve's social fabric. We can gain insights into Hiawatha First Nation's changing preferences and norms by examining the trends in marital status.
Language Spoken
The data below highlights indian reserve's linguistic diversity, showing elegances of solo language as well as bilingual harmonies. Other than language, it also shows the cultural landscape in Canada.
English is the most spoken official language in Hiawatha First Nation. About 335 people living in the province speak English, 0 people speak French, 0 people speak English and French language, and 0 people speak Neither English nor French language.
| Language | Population |
|---|---|
| English | 335 |
| French | 0 |
| English and French | 0 |
| Neither English nor French | 0 |
Mother Tongue & Home Language
Useful for newcomers researching an area: this shows the language residents first learned at home in childhood (mother tongue) and the language they speak most often at home now, which can differ as families settle in.
| Language | Mother Tongue | Spoken Most Often at Home |
|---|---|---|
| English | 98.5% | 100.0% |
| French | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Non-official languages | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Religion
Hiawatha First Nation is predominantly Christian. About 140 of its population is Christian (55 males and 55 females).
The second largest religion in the province is Buddhist with 0.0% of the population adhering to the religion. There are also Hindu and Jewish, both represent 0.0% and 0.0% of the population, while Muslim represent 0.0% of the population.
| Religion | Population |
|---|---|
| Christian | 41.8% |
| Buddhist | 0.0% |
| Hindu | 0.0% |
| Jewish | 0.0% |
| Islam | 0.0% |
| Sikh | 0.0% |
Points of Interest in Hiawatha First Nation
Schools
Parks
- Union Street Park
- Victoria Park
- Douro South Park
- Douro North Park
- Skyline Park
- Humber Park
- Eastgate Memorial Park
- Rogers Cove
- Chelsea Gardens
- Beavermead Park
- Rideau Park
- Ashburnham Memorial Park
- GreenUP Ecology Park
- Burnham Point Park
- John Taylor Memorial Park
- Collison Park
- Stocker Park
- Inverlea Park
- Edmison Heights Park
- Pioneer Memorial Park
- Roland Glover Park
- Barnardo Park
- Riverview Park & Zoo
- Turner Park
- Golfview Heights Park
- Brinton Carpet Park
- Confederation Square
- Manor Heights Park
- Wedgewood Park
- Simcoe & Bethune Park
Libraries
- Trent Lakes Public Library - Main Branch
- Otonabee-South Monaghan Public Library - Bailieboro Branch
- Otonabee South Monaghan Public Library - Gayle Nelson Keene Branch
- Selwyn Public Library - Lakefield Branch
- Peterborough Public Library - Delafosse Branch
- Otonabee South Monaghan Public Library - Stewart Hall Branch
Community Centres
Places to Visit in Hiawatha First Nation
Museums
- Lang Pioneer Village
- Peterborough Museum and Archives
- Art Gallery of Peterborough
- Peterborough Lift Lock Visitors Centre
- Canadian Canoe Museum
- Hutchinson House
- Christ Church Community Museum
- Canadian Canoe Museum
Attractions
- Miniature Railway
- Abandoned rail bridge
- Trent Severn Waterway National Historical Site of Canada, Buckhorn Loch #31
- Peterborough Lift Lock
- Peterborough Centennial Fountain
- Buckhorn Berry Farm
Historic Sites
- Cenotaph
- Wall Of Honour
- Serpent Mounds Park
- Warsaw War Memorial
- 1885 Dynamite Explosion
- The Cathedral of St. Peter-in-Chains
- The Peterborough Lift Locks
- Trent University
- Thomas J. Bata Library
- Faryon Bridge
- Citizens War Memorial
- Cenotaph
- UN: Our Hope For Mankind
- Col. Samuel Strickland 1804–1867
- Peterborough Armoury
- Cox Terrace
Theatres
- Market Hall Performing Arts Centre
- Showplace Performance Centre
- The Theatre on King
- Peterborough Theatre Guild
Green Spaces in Hiawatha First Nation
| Name | Type | Approx. Area |
|---|---|---|
| Union Street Park | Parks | 0.2 ha |
| Victoria Park | Parks | 1.5 ha |
| Douro South Park | Parks | 13.1 ha |
| Douro North Park | Parks | 6.7 ha |
| Skyline Park | Parks | 18.7 ha |
| Humber Park | Parks | 0.2 ha |
| Eastgate Memorial Park | Parks | 4.1 ha |
| Rogers Cove | Parks | 3.5 ha |
| Chelsea Gardens | Parks | 1.8 ha |
| Beavermead Park | Parks | 17.4 ha |
| Rideau Park | Parks | 0.2 ha |
| Ashburnham Memorial Park | Parks | 21.3 ha |
| GreenUP Ecology Park | Parks | 2.3 ha |
Areas are approximate, calculated from OpenStreetMap boundary data.
Other Indian Reserves in Ontario
- Wikwemikong Unceded 2,728
- Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory 2,535
- Sandy Lake 88 2,100
- Nipissing 10 1,640
- Attawapiskat 91A 1,586
- Factory Island 1 1,376
- Kettle Point 44 1,233
- Sagamok 1,110
- Deer Lake 1,087
- Garden River 14 1,071
- Kasabonika Lake 1,060
- Kitchenuhmaykoosib Aaki 84 1,029
- Lac Seul 28 1,022
- Chippewas of Rama First Nation 998
- Fort Hope 64 977
- Fort William 52 964
- M'Chigeeng 22 926
- Weagamow Lake 87 921
- Wabaseemoong 815
- Saugeen 29 784
- Fort Albany [Part] 67 775
- Webequie 723
- Christian Island 30 679
- Poplar Hill 663
- Cat Lake 63C 651
- Sarnia 45 648
- Couchiching 16A 633
- Whitefish Bay 32A 610
- New Credit [Part] 40A 609
- Sachigo Lake 1 608
- Wunnumin 1 587
- English River 21 584
- Neyaashiinigmiing 27 580
- Alderville First Nation 542
- Osnaburgh 63B 524
- Kingfisher Lake 1 511
- Pikwakanagan [Golden Lake 39] 490
- Whitefish River 4 457
- Wapekeka 2 456
- Bearskin Lake 447
- Shoal Lake 39A 445
- Mississagi River 8 414
- Whitefish Lake 6 412
- Long Lake 58 410
- Kee-Way-Win 409
- Kenora 38B 402
- Sabaskong Bay 35D 383
- Sucker Creek 23 373
- Pic River 50 372
- Parry Island First Nation 367
- Fort Severn 89 364
- Summer Beaver 355
- Serpent River 7 351
- Moravian 47 328
- Manitou Rapids 11 300
- Slate Falls 299
- Whitesand 297
- Seine River 23A 270
- North Spirit Lake 265
- Eagle Lake 27 257
- Big Grassy River 35G 251
- Peawanuck 247
- Bear Island 1 244
- Neskantaga 244
- Marten Falls 65 243
- Lake Helen 53A 240
- Rainy Lake 17A 234
- Osnaburgh 63A 233
- Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation 231
- Moose Point 79 213
- Mattagami 71 210
- Dokis 9 201
- Ginoogaming First Nation 200
- The Dalles 38C 180
- Aroland 178
- Wabigoon Lake 27 175
- Rat Portage 38A 171
- Rainy Lake 26A 158
- Sheguiandah 24 158
- Abitibi 70 156
- Shawanaga 17 155
- Duck Lake 76B 154
- Rocky Bay 1 154
- Thessalon 12 151
- Pic Mobert North 138
- French River 13 137
- Saug-A-Gaw-Sing 1 136
- Munsee-Delaware Nation 1 129
- New Post 69A 128
- Pic Mobert South 127
- Sheshegwaning 20 127
- Mississaugas of Scugog Island 125
- Rainy Lake 18C 125
- Whitefish Bay 34A 125
- Wahnapitei 11 124
- Neguaguon Lake 25D 118
- Gull River 55 110
- Magnetewan 1 102
- Pays Plat 51 100
- Whitefish Bay 33A 94
- Ojibway Nation of Saugeen [Savant Lake] 88
- Shoal Lake 34B2 81
- Matachewan 72 66
- Gros Cap 49 63
- Chapleau Cree Fox Lake 62
- Wabauskang 21 57
- Northwest Angle 33B 52
- Lake of the Woods 37 49
- Zhiibaahaasing 19A 41
- Christian Island 30A 30
- Chapleau 74A 17
- Wawakapewin 16
- Chief's Point No. 28 15
- Henvey Inlet 2 15
- Sturgeon Falls 23 10
- Big Island Mainland 93 5
- Point Grondine 3 5
- Rainy Lake 17B 5
- Sand Point First Nation 5
- Agency 1
- Akwesasne [Part] 59
- Assabaska
- Chapleau 75
- Chippewas of the Thames First Nation 42
- Flying Post 73
- Goulais Bay 15A
- Lac des Mille Lacs 22A1
- Lake Nipigon
- Lansdowne House
- Moose Factory 68
- Muskrat Dam Lake
- Naiscoutaing 17A
- Oneida 41
- Pikangikum 14
- Rankin Location 15D
- Red Rock 53
- Six Nations [Part] 40
- Wahta Mohawk Territory
- Walpole Island 46
Frequently Asked Questions about Hiawatha First Nation
According to the 2021 Statistics Canada Census, Hiawatha First Nation has a population of 341 people, making it the 382nd indian reserve in Ontario. The population declined significantly from 362 in 2016, a decrease of 21 people or 5.80%. The indian reserve has a population density of 38.2 people per km² across a land area of 8.93 km². The 2026 Census results are expected from Statistics Canada beginning February 2027.
Hiawatha First Nation's population declined by 5.80% between the 2016 and 2021 censuses — from 362 to 341 people, a loss of 21 residents. This decline is consistent with pressures faced by many other Ontario indian reserves during this period. The median age of 52.80 years suggests an aging population. Official 2026 Census data, which will confirm whether this trend continued, is expected from Statistics Canada in February 2027.
Hiawatha First Nation has a population density of approximately 38.20 people per square kilometre.
Hiawatha First Nation covers a land area of approximately 8.93 km².
The median age of the population in Hiawatha First Nation is 52.80 years.
The largest ethnic or cultural origin group in Hiawatha First Nation is English.
The median household income in Hiawatha First Nation is $62,400, based on 2020 data.
English is the most common first official language spoken in Hiawatha First Nation.
Christian is the predominant religion in Hiawatha First Nation.
Statistics Canada (statcan.gc.ca) conducted the 2026 Census of Population in May 2026. However, census data goes through an extensive processing, validation, and quality-assurance period before public release. Based on the release plan, the 2026 Census results begin rolling out on February 10, 2027, with complete community-level profiles available by December 1, 2027. Until then, this page uses 2021 Census data as its primary source, supplemented by a population projection estimate for 2026 calculated using the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from the 2016–2021 Census period.